| General: General and specific guides to
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| | activity, difficulty sitting still, lack
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| detection of alcohol and drug use, and
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| | of interest in food or sleep. Irritable,
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| definition of addiction.Contents:
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| | argumentative, nervous. Talkative, but
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| I. General Guide to Detection
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| | conversation often lacks
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| II. Definition of Addiction
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| | continuity; changes subjects rapidly.
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| III. Pupil Dilation
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| | Runny nose, cold or chronic
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| IV. Signs and Symptoms
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| | sinus/nasal problems, nose bleeds. Use
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| V. Paraphernalia a) S/S Chart Version
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| | or possession of
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| VI. Drug Facts
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| | paraphernalia including small spoons,
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| VII. Articles and Other Resources
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| | razor blades, mirror,
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| VIII. Drug Pictures/Resources
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| | little bottles of white powder and
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| IX. NI-COR Topics
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| | plastic, glass or metal
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| X. Additional Articles (Alcoholism,
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| | straws.Depressants: Symptoms of alcohol
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| Drugs, Teenage Addiction, Interventions)
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| | intoxication with no alcohol
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| XI. Overdose and Emergency Intervention
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| | odor on breath (remember that
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| TechniquesI. Specific: General Guide to
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| | depressants are frequently used
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| Detection
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| | with alcohol). Lack of facial expression
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| Abrupt changes in work or school
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| | or animation. Flat affect.
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| attendance, quality of work, work output,
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| | Flaccid appearance. Slurred speech.
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| grades, discipline.
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| | Note: There are few readily
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| Unusual flare-ups or outbreaks of
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| | apparent symptoms. Abuse may be
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| temper. Withdrawal from responsibility.
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| | indicated by activities such as
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| General changes in overall attitude.
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| | frequent visits to different physicians
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| Deterioration of physical appearance and
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| | for prescriptions to treat
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| grooming.
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| | "nervousness", "anxiety"," stress",
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| Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate
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| | etc.Narcotics/Prescription Drugs/Opium
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| times. Continual wearing of long-sleeved
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| | Heroin/Codeine/
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| garments particularly in hot weather or
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| | Oxycontin: Lethargy, drowsiness.
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| reluctance to wear short sleeved attire
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| | Constricted pupils fail to respond
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| when
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| | to light. Redness and raw nostrils from
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| appropriate. Association with known
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| | inhaling heroin in power form.
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| substance abusers. Unusual borrowing of
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| | Scars (tracks) on inner arms or other
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| money from friends, co-workers or
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| | parts of body, from needle injections.
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| parents. Stealing small items from
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| | Use or possession of paraphernalia,
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| employer, home or
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| | including syringes, bent spoons,
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| school. Secretive behavior regarding
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| | bottle caps, eye droppers, rubber
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| actions and possessions; poorly concealed
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| | tubing, cotton and needles. Slurred
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| attempts to avoid attention and suspicion
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| | speech. While there may be no readily
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| such as frequent trips to storage rooms,
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| | apparent symptoms of analgesic
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| restroom, basement, etc.II. Specific:
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| | abuse, it may be indicated by frequent
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| DSM-IV Definition of Addiction
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| | visits to different physicians or
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| A maladaptive pattern of substance use,
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| | dentists for prescriptions to treat pain
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| leading to clinically significant
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| | of non-specific origin. In cases
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| impairment or distress, as manifested by
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| | where patient has chronic pain and abuse
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| three (or more) of the following,
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| | of medication is suspected,
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| occurring at any time in the same
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| | it may be indicated by amounts and
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| 12-month period:(1) Tolerance, as defined
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| | frequency taken.Inhalants: Substance odor
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| by either of the following:a. A need for
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| | on breath and clothes. Runny nose.
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| markedly increased amounts of the
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| | Watering eyes. Drowsiness or
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| substance to achieve intoxication or
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| | unconsciousness. Poor muscle control.
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| desired effect.b. Markedly diminished
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| | Prefers group activity to being alone.
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| effect with continued use of the same
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| | Presence of bags or rags
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| amount of the substance.(2) Withdrawal,
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| | containing dry plastic cement or other
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| as manifested by either of the
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| | solvent at home, in locker
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| following:a. The characteristic
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| | at school or at work. Discarded whipped
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| withdrawal syndrome for the substanceb.
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| | cream, spray paint or
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| The same (or a closely related) substance
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| | similar chargers (users of nitrous
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| is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal
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| | oxide). Small bottles labeled
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| symptoms. (3) The substance is often
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| | "incense" (users of butyl
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| taken in larger amounts or over
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| | nitrite).Solvents, Aerosols, Glue,
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| a longer period than was intended (loss
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| | Petrol: Nitrous Oxide - laughing gas,
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| of control).(4) There is a
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| | whippits, nitrous.
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| persistent desire or unsuccessful
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| | Amyl Nitrate - snappers, poppers,
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| efforts to cut down or control
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| | pearlers, rushamies.
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| substance use (loss of control). (5) A
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| | Butyl Nitrate - locker room, bolt,
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| great deal of time is spent
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| | bullet, rush, climax, red gold. Slurred
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| in activities necessary to obtain the
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| | speech,
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| substance, use the substance,
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| | impaired coordination, nausea, vomiting,
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| or recover from its effects
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| | slowed breathing. Brain damage,
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| (preoccupation).(6) Important social,
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| | pains in the chest, muscles, joints,
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| occupational, or recreational activities
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| | heart trouble, severe depression,
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| are given up or reduced
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| | fatigue,
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| because of substance use (continuation
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| | loss of appetite, bronchial spasm, sores
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| despite adverse
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| | on nose or mouth, nosebleeds,
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| consequences).(7) The substance use is
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| | diarrhea, bizarre or reckless behavior,
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| continued despite
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| | sudden death, suffocation.LSD
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| knowledge of having a persistent or
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| | Hallucinogens: Extremely dilated pupils,
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| recurrent physical or
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| | (see note below). Warm
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| psychological problem that is likely to
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| | skin, excessive perspiration and body
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| have been caused or
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| | odor. Distorted sense of sight, hearing,
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| exacerbated by the substance (adverse
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| | touch; distorted image of self and time
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| consequences).III. Specific: Pupil
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| | perception. Mood and behavior changes,
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| DilationBefore you do anything, consider
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| | the extent depending on emotional state
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| this. There are two trains of thought
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| | of the user and environmental conditions
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| prior to detection and
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| | Unpredictable flashback episodes even
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| intervention. One thought is to catch
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| | long after withdrawal
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| and punish, and the
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| | (although these are rare).
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| other is to identify and help- remember
| |
| | Hallucinogenic drugs, which occur both
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| why you are doing
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| | naturally and in synthetic form, distort
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| this, and the intervention will turn out
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| | or disturb sensory input,
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| much better.Note: A 6mm, 7mm, or 8mm
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| | sometimes to a great degree.
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| pupil size could indicate that a person
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| | Hallucinogens occur naturally in
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| is
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| | primarily two forms, (peyote) cactus and
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| under the influence of cocaine, crack,
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| | psilocybin mushrooms.
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| meth., hallucinogens, crystal,
| |
| | Several chemical varieties have been
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| ecstasy, or other stimulant. A 1mm or
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| | synthesized, most notably
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| 2mm pupil size could
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| | LSD, MDA , STP, and PCP. Hallucinogen
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| indicate a person under the influence of
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| | usage reached a peak
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| heroin, opiates, or other
| |
| | in the United States in the late 1960's,
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| depressant. A pupil close to pinpoint
| |
| | but declined shortly
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| could indicate use.
| |
| | thereafter due to a broader awareness of
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| A pupil completely dilated could
| |
| | the detrimental effects
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| indicate use.
| |
| | of usage. However, a disturbing trend
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| Blown out wide pupils are indicative of
| |
| | indicating a resurgence in
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| crack, methamphetamine, cocaine,
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| | hallucinogen usage by high-school and
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| stimulant use. Pinpoint pupils are
| |
| | college age persons
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| indicative of heroin, opiate, depressant
| |
| | nationwide has been acknowledged by law
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| use. (Click this link for pictures)Other
| |
| | enforcement. With the
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| causes of pupil dilationIV. Specific:
| |
| | exception of PCP, all hallucinogens seem
|
| Signs and SymptomsAlcohol: Odor on the
| |
| | to share common effects
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| breath. Intoxication. Difficulty
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| | of use. Any portion of sensory
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| focusing: glazed
| |
| | perceptions may be altered to varying
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| appearance of the eyes.
| |
| | degrees. Synesthesia, or the "seeing" of
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| Uncharacteristically passive behavior; or
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| | sounds, and the "hearing" of
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| combative
| |
| | colors, is a common side effect of
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| and argumentative behavior. Gradual (or
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| | hallucinogen use. Depersonalization,
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| sudden in adolescents) deterioration
| |
| | acute anxiety, and acute depression
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| in personal appearance and hygiene.
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| | resulting in suicide have also been
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| Gradual development of dysfunction,
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| | noted as a result of hallucinogen use.
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| especially in job performance or school
| |
| | Note: there are some forms of
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| work. Absenteeism (particularly on
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| | hallucinogens that are considered
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| Monday). Unexplained bruises and
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| | downers and constrict pupil
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| accidents. Irritability. Flushed skin.
| |
| | diameters.PCP: Unpredictable behavior;
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| Loss of memory (blackouts). Availability
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| | mood may swing from passiveness to
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| and consumption of alcohol
| |
| | violence for no apparent reason.
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| becomes the focus of social or
| |
| | Symptoms of intoxication. Disorientation;
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| professional activities. Changes in
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| | agitation and violence if exposed to
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| peer-group associations and friendships.
| |
| | excessive sensory stimulation. Fear,
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| Impaired interpersonal
| |
| | terror. Rigid muscles. Strange gait.
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| relationships (troubled marriage,
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| | Deadened sensory perception
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| unexplainable termination of
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| | (may experience severe injuries while
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| deep relationships, alienation from
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| | appearing not to notice).
|
| close family members).Marijuana/Pot:
| |
| | Pupils may appear dilated. Mask like
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| Rapid, loud talking and bursts of
| |
| | facial appearance. Floating
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| laughter in
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| | pupils, appear to follow a moving
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| early stages of intoxication. Sleepy or
| |
| | object. Comatose (unresponsive)
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| stuporous in the later stages.
| |
| | if large amount consumed. Eyes may be
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| Forgetfulness in conversation.
| |
| | open or closed.Ecstasy: Confusion,
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| Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils
| |
| | depression, headaches, dizziness (from
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| unlikely to be dilated. Odor similar to
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| | hangover/after effects), muscle tension,
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| burnt rope on clothing or breath.
| |
| | panic attacks, paranoia,
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| Tendency to drive slowly - below speed
| |
| | possession of pacifiers (used to stop
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| limit. Distorted sense of time passage -
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| | jaw clenching), lollipops,
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| tendency to overestimate time intervals.
| |
| | candy necklaces, mentholated vapor rub,
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| Use or possession of paraphernalia
| |
| | severe anxiety, sore
|
| including roach clip, packs of rolling
| |
| | jaw (from clenching teeth after
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| papers,pipes or bongs. Marijuana users
| |
| | effects), vomiting or nausea
|
| are difficult to recognize unless they
| |
| | (from hangover/after effects)
|
| are
| |
| | Signs that your teen could be high on
|
| under the influence of the drug at the
| |
| | Ecstasy: Blurred vision,
|
| time of observation. Casual users
| |
| | rapid eye movement, pupil dilation,
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| may show none of the general symptoms.
| |
| | chills or sweating, high body
|
| Marijuana does have a distinct
| |
| | temperature, sweating profusely,
|
| odor and may be the same color or a bit
| |
| | dehydrated, confusion, faintness,
|
| greener than tobacco.Cocaine/Crack
| |
| | paranoia or severe anxiety, trance-like
|
| Methamphetamines/Stimulants: Extremely
| |
| | state, transfixed on sites and
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| dilated
| |
| | sounds, unconscious clenching of the
|
| pupils. Dry mouth and nose, bad breath,
| |
| | jaw, grinding teeth, very
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| frequent lip licking. Excessive
| |
| | affectionate.V.
|
